| Description | PE/Dazzle? 594 anti-human CD152 (CTLA-4). CD152, also known as Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), is a 33 kD member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is transiently expressed on activated T cells. CTLA4 is expressed on the surface of helper T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. Regulatory T cells express high levels of CTLA-4. CTLA-4 (CD152) is similar to CD28 in amino acid sequence, structure, and genomic organization. Whereas CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal in T cell activation, CTLA-4 negatively regulates cell-mediated immune responses through interaction with CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) present on antigen presenting cells (APC). CTLA-4 is thought to play a role in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance as well as the development of protective immunity and thymocyte regulation. Mutations in the CTLA-4 gene have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and other autoimmune diseases. A transcript of the CTLA-4 gene that may represent a native soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) showed that eleven of twenty patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) had a high concentration of sCTLA-4, whereas only 1 of 30 apparently healthy volunteers contained measurable levels. sCTLA-4 immunoreactivity was inhibited by its binding to B7.1, suggesting that sCTLA-4 is a functional receptor. sCTLA4 also plays a role in the initial immune response to infection of immune cells by HIV, along with the CD-1 pathway and others. |
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